The state of homelessness among women Veterans in 2023
Three women Veterans’ stories of homelessness
January 19, 2024
Shawn Liu
Director of Communications, Homeless Programs office
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Rising number of women Veterans who are homeless
Although it’s true that, from 2020 to 2023, total homelessness among Veterans decreased by 4.5%—from 37,252 to 35,574—homelessness among women Veterans actually increased by nearly 24%—from 3,126 to 3,980—according to data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
In that same period, the number of unsheltered women Veterans—those living on the streets, in a car or in another unsafe situation—jumped nearly 48%, from 1,464 to 2,165.
While the general proportion of women Veterans experiencing homelessness is still low, the trend is concerning, given that VA estimates women are on track to make up 18% of all U.S. Veterans by 2040.
Factors that contribute to homelessness among Veterans
Reducing and preventing homelessness among women Veterans starts by recognizing some of the contributing factors unique to them:
- Trauma. There’s evidence of a connection between women Veteran homelessness and trauma. Women Veterans who were homeless have told VA researchers that the experience of trauma before, during and after military service contributed to their housing instability.
- Military sexual assault. We also find that one in three women say “yes” when screened by VA health care for military sexual assault (MST), which is sexual assault or threatening sexual harassment during a person’s military service.
- Intimate partner violence. Many women Veterans who are homeless also report having a history of intimate partner violence.
- Poverty. Housing is a large expense for anyone, but studies show that women are more likely than men to be at risk of poverty.
- Single parenthood. Women also shoulder more of the costs of child-rearing, particularly as single parents.
Other complex challenges, often connected to or worsened in service, can be common characteristics of women Veterans’ experience of housing instability. These include childhood adversity, substance use, relationship termination, medical problems, a post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis and unemployment.